日韩av大片在线观看欧美成人不卡|午夜先锋看片|中国女人18毛片水多|免费xx高潮喷水|国产大片美女av|丰满老熟妇好大bbbbbbbbbbb|人妻上司四区|japanese人妻少妇乱中文|少妇做爰喷水高潮受不了|美女人妻被颜射的视频,亚洲国产精品久久艾草一,俄罗斯6一一11萝裸体自慰,午夜三级理论在线观看无码

 Abstract: Positively charged (cetylpyridinium chloride), negatively charged (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and non-charged (polyethylene glycol) surfactants are used as potential foulant in reverse electrodialysis systems supplying seawater and river freshwater. Fouling tendency of the foulants to ion-exchange membranes is investigated in terms of the adsorption by electromigration, electrostatic attraction, and macromolecule interaction in reverse electrodialysis systems. According to theoretical prediction of fouling tendency, charged foulants in seawater streams could foul ion-exchange membranes significantly. However, the worst fouling behavior is observed when the charged foulants are present in river streams. As a result of zeta potential measurement, it is found that the Debye length of the charged foulants decreases due to the higher ionic strength of seawater streams and causes to lower net electrostatic effect. It finally results in less fouling tendency in reverse electrodialysis.