美國(guó)仙童減壓閥是通過調(diào)節(jié),，將進(jìn)口壓力減至某一需要的出口壓力，并依靠介質(zhì)本身的能量,，使出口壓力自動(dòng)保持穩(wěn)定的閥門,。從流體力學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)看，減壓閥是一個(gè)局部阻力可以變化的節(jié)流元件,，即通過改變節(jié)流面積,，使流速及流體的動(dòng)能改變，造成不同的壓力損失,，從而達(dá)到減壓的目的,。然后依靠控制與調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)，使閥后壓力的波動(dòng)與彈簧力相平衡,，使閥后壓力在一定的誤差范圍內(nèi)保持恒定,。
美國(guó)仙童減壓閥按結(jié)構(gòu)形式可分為薄膜式、彈簧薄膜式,、活塞式,、杠桿式和波紋管式；按閥座數(shù)目可人為單座式和雙座式,；按閥瓣的位置不同可分為正作用式和反作用式,。先導(dǎo)式減壓閥當(dāng)減壓閥的輸出壓力較高或通徑較大時(shí)，用調(diào)壓彈簧直接調(diào)壓,，則彈簧剛度必然過大,，流量變化時(shí)，輸出壓力波動(dòng)較大,，閥的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸也將增大,。為了克服這些缺點(diǎn)，可采用先導(dǎo)式減壓閥,。先導(dǎo)式減壓閥的工作原理與直動(dòng)式的基本相同,。先導(dǎo)式減壓閥所用的調(diào)壓氣體，是由小型的直動(dòng)式減壓閥供給的,。若把小型直動(dòng)式減壓閥裝在閥體內(nèi)部,，則稱為內(nèi)部先導(dǎo)式減壓閥；若將小型直動(dòng)式減壓閥裝在主閥體外部,，則稱為外部先導(dǎo)式減壓閥
的減壓保障系統(tǒng),。無論選用比例式還是可調(diào)式減壓閥，其減壓比P1∶P2不宜選擇過大,，一般應(yīng)控制在5∶1之內(nèi),。超過這個(gè)范圍易產(chǎn)生氣蝕現(xiàn)象，損壞閥件,，產(chǎn)生嘯叫噪音,。有些活塞式減壓閥，制造廠在其閥體上加工一個(gè)直徑1.5mm左右的小孔,，其功能是讓閥芯運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)起到透吸氣作用,，維護(hù)管理時(shí)應(yīng)注意千萬不要將小孔塞住,，否則影響減壓閥的正常運(yùn)行。
常見型號(hào)
10202br,10202bt,10202c,10202cl,10202cr,10202ct,10202cu, 10202e,10202el,10202et,10202h,10202hjn,10202hn,10202j,10202jn, 10202jnt,10202jsc,10202l,10202n,10202nscu,10202nt,10202nu,10202p, 10202r,10202ru,10202sc,10202t,10202u,10203,10203a,10203b,10203be,10203c, 10203ct,10203cu,10203el,10203en,10203ent,10203et,10203ht,10203j,10203jn,10203jnt, 10203ju,10203l,10203n,10203nu10203r,10203t,10203u,10204,10204a,10204b,10204bet,10204c,10204e,10204ejp,10204en, 10204h,10204hjn,10204j,10204jn,10204n,10204rn,10204t,10204u,10212,10212ae,10212b,10212be, 10212beh,10212bejsc, 10212besc,10212bh,10212bt,10212c,10212ch,10212cj,10212clt,10212cp,10212cu,10212e,10212eh, 10212ehj,10212eht,10212ej,10212ejlt,10212ejnt,10212el,10212en,10212et10212h,10212hjn10212hjnsc,10212hjp,10212hl,10212hn,10212hsc,10212j,10212jlt,10212jn,10212jnsct,10212jnu, 10212jsc,10212jt,10212l,10212lt,10212ltu,10212n,10212nt,10212nu,10212p,10212r,10212sc,10212t10212tu,10212u,10213,10213acr,10213c,10213cl,10213e,10213eju,10213et,10213hn,10213j,10213jn10213jnu,10213ju,10213l,10213lt,10213n,10213nt,10213nu,10213r,10213t,10213u,10214,10214a, 10214bejsc, 10214bt,10214c,10214ce,10214clt,10214e,10214eh,10214ehj,10214eht,10214h,10214hn,10214j, 10214jn,10214jnu,10214l,10214n,10214nt,10214t,10214u,10222,10222a,10222asc,10222b,10222beh,
10222bh,10222bj, 10222c,10222cl,10222ct,10222cu,10222e,10222eh,10222ej,,10222ejlt,10222el,10222en, 10222ent,10222et,10222h,10222hj,10222hjn,10222hn,10222hsc,10222j,10222jn,10222jnsc,10222jnt, 10222jnu,10222jsc, 10222jt,10222ju,10222l,10222lt,10222n,10222nsc,10222nt,10222ntu,10222nu,10222p, 10222r,10222sc,10222t,10222tu,10222u,10223,10223a,10223ab,10223at,10223b10223be,10223bejt,10223c,10223ct,10223cu,10223e,10223eju,10223el,10223hn, 10223ht,10223j, 10223jn,10223jnt,10223jnu, 10223ju,10223l,10223lt,10223n,10223nt,10223nu,10223r,10223sc,10223t10223tu,10223u,10224,10224b,10224bejsc,10224bt,10224c,10224cu,10224e, 10224ejlt,10224en,10224h,10224hj,10224j,10224jn,
10224ju,10224l,10224n,10224nt,10224nu,10224t,10224u,10232,10232a10232ab,10232an,10232asc,10232b,10232be,10232beh,10232behjsc,10232bet, 10232btu,10232c,10232cb,10232ce,10232ch, 10232cj,10232ct,10232cu,10232e,10232eh,10232ehjsc,10232ej,10232ejn,10232el, 10232en,10232ent,10232esc,10232et,10232h,10232hj,10232hn,10232j,10232jn, 10232jnsc,10232jnt,10232jnu,10232jr,10232jsc, 10232jt,10232ju,10232l,10232n,10232nscu,10232nt,10232nu,10232p10232r,10232rh,10232ru,10232sc,10232t,10232u,10233,10233a,10233b
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