2019年歲末的一場新型冠狀病毒（2019-nCoV）肆虐讓整個(gè)華夏大地籠罩在恐慌之中。2020年1月23日中科院武漢病毒所研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新型冠狀病毒與此前在云南中菊頭蝠（Rhinolophus affinis）上檢測到的蝙蝠冠狀病毒RaTG13相比較具有96.2%的一致性,。據(jù)此推測新型冠狀病毒起源于蝙蝠,。國外大量研究報(bào)道證實(shí)蝙蝠確實(shí)是攜帶多病毒種類的哺乳動(dòng)物之一，但是因?yàn)樘厥怏w質(zhì)（高溫）和強(qiáng)大的免疫系統(tǒng),，這些病毒并不能對蝙蝠造成傷害,。而維持高體溫和增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)與新陳代謝（能量代謝）密切相關(guān)。

   SSI多功能創(chuàng)新型動(dòng)物能量代謝監(jiān)測基于呼吸代謝室（metabolic chamber）技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)主要由定制呼吸室,、氣流發(fā)生控制與二次抽樣單元,、氣體分析（氧氣、二氧化碳和水汽）單元,、數(shù)據(jù)采集器,，功能強(qiáng)大數(shù)據(jù)分析處理軟件等組成，可以備選溫度傳感器探針,、溫濕度控制箱,、動(dòng)物活動(dòng)度監(jiān)測器、動(dòng)物行為記錄與分析單元,、野生動(dòng)物紅外熱成像單元,、植入式溫度（心率）記錄儀等全面記錄動(dòng)物的行為與生理參數(shù)，廣泛用于動(dòng)物呼吸生理學(xué),、腸道微生物能量代謝調(diào)節(jié),，神經(jīng)與免疫代謝調(diào)節(jié)，野生動(dòng)物生理生態(tài)以及與微生物宿主的協(xié)同進(jìn)化研究等,。

上圖為幾種動(dòng)物的能量代謝測量研究（備注：左上圖的蜂鳥設(shè)計(jì)同樣適用于蝙蝠）

典型應(yīng)用一

Interruption to cutaneous gas exchange is not a likely mechanism of WNS-associated death in bats[J],，Carey C S, Boyles J G.. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 218(13): 1986-1989.

本文使用SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究了褐蝠患有白鼻綜合癥（WNS）后的皮膚脫水，以及呼吸代謝過程中的水分代謝,、能量代謝情況,，實(shí)驗(yàn)測試了毀滅性肺孢子蟲感染可導(dǎo)致跨翼膜的被動(dòng)氣體交換通路中斷，從而導(dǎo)致水強(qiáng)化肺呼吸代償性增加,。           

典型應(yīng)用二

WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN A RESISTANT BAT SPECIES (EPTESICUS FUSCUS)[J], Naffa K S.2019.

本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過SSI能量代謝技術(shù)測量了冬眠期的代謝率喚醒/遲鈍的模式（Fig3）,，以及利用敏感的數(shù)據(jù)記錄器記錄體溫（Fig2），研究了易感真菌Psuedogymnoascus destructans（Pd）患有WNS疾病蝙蝠免疫系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)可能導(dǎo)致新陳代謝率的提高以使蝙蝠更頻繁地醒來,。假設(shè)抗藥性蝙蝠不會產(chǎn)生免疫反應(yīng),，但是如果它們真的產(chǎn)生免疫反應(yīng)作為回應(yīng)，假設(shè)蝙蝠接種了Pd并用抗炎藥治療治療不會對感染產(chǎn)生反應(yīng),，終會保留脂肪儲備并降低冬眠期間的代謝消耗,。

典型應(yīng)用三

Short-term thermoregulatory adjustments in a South American anseriform, the black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus)[J]，Nespolo R F, Artacho P, Verdugo C, et al. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008, 150(3): 366-368.

本文通過SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測研究黑頸天鵝短期熱應(yīng)激后的能量代謝調(diào)節(jié),，結(jié)果表明此種類天鵝與其它雁形目,、雜色類鵝類相比較出現(xiàn)較低的靜息代謝率，以及黑頸天鵝在不同的溫度濕度環(huán)境下改變了“濕”熱導(dǎo)率,。

典型應(yīng)用四

Comparison between conventional and" clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosis[J],，Ask K, Labiris R, Farkas L, et al.. Journal of translational medicine, 2008, 6(1): 16.

本文通過SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究特發(fā)性肺纖維化動(dòng)物的大耗氧量VO2max，將嚙齒動(dòng)物置于在封閉的跑步機(jī)上以越來越快的速度跑連續(xù)測量氧氣和二氧化碳,。大VO2平均減少了10%,，但沒有達(dá)到統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著性,。

需要說明的是，北京易科泰生態(tài)技術(shù)有限公司作為美國SSI公司在中國的*家技術(shù)支持中心,，積10多年的動(dòng)物能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以為各種動(dòng)物（媒介昆蟲,、哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類,、海洋動(dòng)物,、經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物、人體等）能量代謝監(jiān)測提供創(chuàng)新型專家型技術(shù)方案,。

參考文獻(xiàn)及資料（僅列出部分代表性文獻(xiàn)）

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